丁元庆教授治疗抽动障碍用药规律的挖掘分析

近年来抽动障碍的发病有所增加,难治病例也不少见。西医发病原因和发病机制尚未明确,临床普遍使用的西药有诸多的不良反应,中医药研究越来越受到重视。该文基于中医传承辅助系统软件,探讨丁元庆教授治疗抽动障碍的用药经验。收集丁元庆教授治疗抽动障碍的病案,采用关联规则Apriori算法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,对筛选出的800首处方进行分析,确定处方中药物的使用频次,药物之间的关联规则,挖掘出12个核心组合和6首新处方,用药以调肝熄风,凉血止痉,清心安神为主,随证化裁,应用灵活,配伍严谨。     

基于互信息的失眠用药关联性分析

基于中医传承辅助系统软件,分析郭蓉娟教授治疗失眠的用药经验。收集郭蓉娟教授治疗失眠的中药方剂,采用关联规则apriori算法、改进的互信息算法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,确定处方中各种药物的使用频次及药物之间的关联规则,分析郭蓉娟教授治疗失眠的用药经验。对筛选出的3 084首处方进行分析,确定处方中药物的使用频次,药物之问的关联规则,挖掘出41个核心组合和7首新处方。结论符合郭教授对失眠病因病机的认识:以肝郁化火为核心病机,肝郁脾虚、久病及肾的特点,中医传承辅助系统对于挖掘名中医临床经验具有重要实用价值。     

黑顺片炮制过程中6种酯型生物碱的变化规律研究

研究黑顺片炮制过程中6种酯型生物碱的变化规律及特征图谱,为黑顺片的炮制原理研究奠定基础.采用Phenomenex Gemini C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-40 mmol·L-1醋酸铵(浓氨调pH 10.0)梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL·min-,检测波长235 nm,进样量10 ～ 20 μL,测定6种酯型生物碱含量的变化以及建立炮制过程的特征图谱.随着炮制过程的进行,双酯型生物碱含量降低,单酯型生物碱变化规律不明显,各炮制过程环节的7种附子“状态”特征图谱差异明显.特征图谱中共标记13个峰,除6种已知单双酯型生物碱外,其余7个峰峰面积变化趋势与双酯型生物碱的变化趋势一致.该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可为揭示黑顺片炮制过程中指标成分的变化规律以及阐明炮制原理提供参考.     

医疗卫生立法是依法治国的重要内容

按照依法治国重大战略部署,应当及时有力推动医疗卫生立法工作,就如何依法加强和规范医疗卫生服务,维护群众健康权益,保护健康资金使用与管理,规范医务人员执业行为,促进医疗卫生机构发展,保护从业人员积极性展开讨论,得出了应当建立以医疗卫生基本法为统领,以系列专门法律法规为重点的医疗卫生法律体系,形成医疗卫生领域法制建设的新生态和新常态的立法观点。     

A Novel Approach to Testing for Average Bioequivalence Based on Modeling the Within-Period Dependence Structure

Bioequivalence trials are commonly conducted to assess therapeutic equivalence between a generic and an innovator brand formulations. In such trials, drug concentrations are obtained repeatedly over time and are summarized using a metric such as the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) for each subject. The usual practice is to then conduct two one-sided tests using these areas to evaluate for average bioequivalence. A major disadvantage of this approach is the loss of information encountered when ignoring the correlation structure between repeated measurements in the computation of areas. In this article, we propose a general linear model approach that incorporates the within-subject covariance structure for making inferences on mean areas. The model-based method can be seen to arise naturally from the reparameterization of the AUC as a linear combination of outcome means. We investigate and compare the inferential properties of our proposed method with the traditional two one-sided tests approach using Monte Carlo simulation studies. We also examine the properties of the method in the event of missing data. Simulations show that the proposed approach is a cost-effective, viable alternative to the traditional method with superior inferential properties. Inferential advantages are particularly apparent in the presence of missing data. To illustrate our approach, a real working example from an asthma study is utilized.     

Economic repercussions of fisheries-induced evolution

Fish stocks experiencing high fishing mortality show a tendency to mature earlier and at a smaller size, which may have a genetic component and therefore long-lasting economic and biological effects. To date, the economic effects of such ecoevolutionary dynamics have not been empirically investigated. Using 70 y of data, we develop a bioeconomic model for Northeast Arctic cod to compare the economic yield in a model in which life-history traits can vary only through phenotypic plasticity with a model in which, in addition, genetic changes can occur. We find that evolutionary changes toward faster growth and earlier maturation occur consistently even if a stock is optimally managed. However, if a stock is managed optimally, the evolutionary changes actually increase economic yield because faster growth and earlier maturation raise the stock’s productivity. The optimal fishing mortality is almost identical for the evolutionary and nonevolutionary model and substantially lower than what it has been historically. Therefore, the costs of ignoring evolution under optimal management regimes are negligible. However, if fishing mortality is as high as it has been historically, evolutionary changes may result in economic losses, but only if the fishery is selecting for medium-sized individuals. Because evolution facilitates growth, the fish are younger and still immature when they are susceptible to getting caught, which outweighs the increase in productivity due to fish spawning at an earlier age.     

ECG beat classification based on discrete wavelet transformation and nearest neighbour classifier

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a coronary artery disease acquired due to the lack of blood supply in one or more sections of the myocardium, resulting in necrosis in that region. It has different types based on the region of necrosis. In this paper, a statistical approach for classification of Anteroseptal MI (ASMI) is proposed. The first step of the method involves noise elimination and feature extraction from the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, using multi-resolution wavelet analysis and thresholding-based techniques. In the next step a classification scheme is developed using the nearest neighbour classification rule (NN rule). Both temporal and amplitude features relevant for automatic ASMI diagnosis are extracted from four chest leads v1–v4. The distance metric for NN classifier is calculated using both Euclidian distance and Mahalanobis distance. A relative comparison between these two techniques reveals that the later is superior to the former, as evident from the classification accuracy. The proposed method is tested and validated using the PTB diagnostic database. Classification accuracy for Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance-based NN rule are 95.14% and 81.83%, respectively.